Why the sp. z o.o.
The limited liability company (sp. z o.o.) is the standard choice for foreign businesses in Poland. Shareholders' liability is generally limited to their contributions, the minimum capital is PLN 5,000, and foreigners, including non-EU citizens, can own it entirely. Sole proprietorship, by contrast, is restricted for many non-EU citizens.
How registration works
A company can be formed online using a standard template or by a notarial deed with custom articles of association. The online route is faster but less flexible, and signing it can require tools that many foreigners don't have yet. A notarial deed allows tailored articles and can be signed under a power of attorney. After formation, the company is entered in the National Court Register (KRS), which assigns its tax and statistical numbers.
First weeks after registration
New companies have early deadlines. Beneficial owners must be reported to the Central Register of Beneficial Owners shortly after registration, VAT registration may be needed before you start invoicing, and the company needs a bank account and a registered address. We give you a dated checklist so nothing slips.
Moving to Poland to run it
Owning a company doesn't by itself give you the right to live in Poland, but board members can qualify for a temporary residence permit when the company meets the statutory conditions. We plan the company structure with that in mind. See the temporary residence permit.
